Diazepam tends to be effective if it is taken according to prescription; however, just like any other medication, it is associated with some adverse effects, which are usually linked to its mode of action in the central nervous system.
Among the most common adverse effects of Diazepam is drowsiness. As explained before, Diazepam acts by decreasing the activity of the brain. Thus, users tend to experience tiredness, and their alertness may be impaired as well. This may be desirable in some circumstances where the drug is applied for purposes of sedation or treating insomnia; nonetheless, it might affect the ability to perform everyday duties effectively.
Dizziness is another side effect that has been observed in users of Diazepam. Users have experienced lightheadedness that could be caused by the sedative action of Diazepam. In addition, it increases the risk of falls, especially among elderly patients.
Some of the other possible side effects may include fatigue, decreased concentration, confusion, and slowed reaction time.
Less Common Effects
However, sometimes Diazepam can have some other side effects, which do not manifest in everyone who uses the drug but can influence one’s everyday activities negatively nonetheless. They can include:
- Headaches
- Dry mouth
- Eye problems
- Nausea and stomach disorders
- Changes in appetite
As you can see, most of these side effects are rather mild and usually not particularly bothersome. Nevertheless, people taking Diazepam should be aware of these potential side effects and inform their doctor about any signs of developing them.
Some patients can develop paradoxical side effects while using Diazepam. Namely, instead of making them calmer, it will have the opposite effect by increasing the patient’s irritation and restlessness. This problem occurs most frequently in children and elderly people or those with specific psychiatric disorders.
Besides the above-mentioned issues, Diazepam can sometimes lead to mood changes. More precisely, patients can feel depressed and emotionally dulled, although the probability of experiencing such side effects is rather low.
Serious Side Effects
Breathing Issues
One of the most serious risks associated with Diazepam is respiratory depression, where breathing becomes slow or shallow. This is more likely to occur when Diazepam is taken in high doses or combined with other central nervous system depressants such as opioids or alcohol. In severe cases, this can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Dependence and Misuse
Diazepam also has high chances of physical and psychological dependence due to its frequent usage. With continuous usage of the drug, the body adapts to the drug, and tolerance sets in; meaning that higher doses would be required to produce the same effect.
Drug abuse may arise from misuse of the drug, whereby larger doses of the drug are consumed or the prescription is exceeded. Dependency of the drug may also arise despite adherence to the drug prescription and dosage.
In case of abrupt withdrawal of the drug, withdrawal symptoms such as the following may occur:
- Anxiety and irritability
- Insomnia
- Shaking or tremors
- Excessive sweating
- Convulsions in some instances
- Might occur, and it is advisable to withdraw gradually from the drug.
Cognitive and Behavioral Effects
Major cognitive effects may include mental confusion, problems with memory retention, and lack of concentration. Some individuals may have hallucinations and behavioral problems.
Long-Term Risks
The long-term use of Diazepam is generally discouraged unless there are strong reasons for doing so since it exposes a patient to the risk of developing some complications. Tolerance and dependency, for example, are some of the risks associated with this drug, making it hard to stop taking it since withdrawal symptoms may arise.
Chronic use of this medication may also have an impact on the brain functions of people. Some patients develop memory problems, difficulties in focusing on things, or experience slow processing thoughts.
Another risk associated with chronic use is accidental injuries. This is attributed to the sedative nature of this drug. Patients, especially those who are old, may develop falls that cause fractures.
Prolonged use of benzodiazepines has also been shown to increase the risk of mood disorders like depression. Not all patients will experience such effects, but they underscore the need for medical evaluation while using this drug.
When to Seek Medical Help
Side effect occurrences that need urgent medical care must be known as well. Individuals should report immediately if they encounter:
- Trouble breathing or shortness of breath
- Extreme drowsiness or trouble staying awake
- Disorientation, delirium, and other abnormal actions
- Incoordination or falling down repeatedly
- Allergic symptoms such as hives and swelling
Moreover, it is necessary to contact a healthcare professional if one experiences:
- Anxiety or behavioral changes
- Side effects that persist or do not go away
- Telltale signs of dependence and addiction
Consultation with a healthcare professional is important for the safe consumption of Diazepam. They may be able to reduce the dose, provide substitutes for the drug, or taper it off safely.
Conclusion
However, despite being an efficient drug for treating anxiety and spasms among other disorders, there are certain adverse effects that have to be considered before taking it. Drowsiness and dizziness are common but minor effects of Diazepam. More severe effects, such as respiratory depression and dependence, have to be considered.
Knowledge about these possible effects will allow you to make use of the drug without causing any harm to yourself. It will be possible by adhering to doctors’ prescriptions and avoiding abuse of the drug.
Medically reviewed by:
Dr Ritika Joshi
Speciality: Medical Content Reviewer
Dr Ritika Joshi
Medical Content Reviewer